Flying on Uncertainty: IndiGo’s Operational Failures and Consumer Reactions

This teaching case examines the December 2025 operational crisis at IndiGo Airlines, India’s largest domestic carrier, during which large-scale flight cancellations disrupted travel nationwide at the peak of the winter season. Triggered by revised Flight Duty Time Limitation (FDTL) norms and exacerbated by lean crew buffers, weather conditions, and system constraints, the breakdown challenged IndiGo’s efficiency-driven low-cost operating model. While operations gradually stabilised, the episode exposed a deeper vulnerability: the erosion of consumer trust in a brand built on reliability and predictability. The case explores how operational failures translate into shifts in consumer perceptions, reliance-based backlash, and heightened sensitivity to competitor behaviour during service disruptions. Positioned at the intersection of consumer behaviour, services marketing and operations strategy, the case invites students to analyse expectation violation, trust asymmetry, and the trade-off between efficiency and resilience in high-involvement, time-critical services. The protagonist, CEO Pieter Elbers, must decide how to restore trust beyond restoring the schedule and whether to recalibrate IndiGo’s consumer promise in a market shaped by scale and dependence.