Navigating The Pitfalls of AI Development And Implementation: The NUH Scoliosis AI Project

This case describes the AI development journey undertaken by a group of clinicians and developers from Singapore's National University Hospital (NUH) between 2021 and 2023. While AI holds the promise of enhancing healthcare outcomes and mitigating resource constraints, healthcare AI projects face significant challenges in development and implementation. The case follows Dr. Andrew Makmur and his team as they navigate various social and technical issues in developing a scoliosis AI tool and identifying an appropriate implementation site. It provides insights into the AI tool's hospital-based development process and details various obstacles encountered when adapting and implementing the AI tool in a different healthcare setting. These include understanding how the new context differed from the initial development environment, as well as managing integration challenges related to the workflow and working conditions of that particular healthcare setting.